BPMN ও Process Modeling

BPMN 2.0 Symbols

Symbol	অর্থ
○ thin circle	Start Event
◎ thick circle	End Event
□ rounded	Task
◇ diamond	Gateway
→	Sequence Flow
⇢	Message Flow
Pool / Lane	Participant / Role

Gateway Types

• Exclusive (X) — XOR, একটি path
• Parallel (+) — AND, সব path
• Inclusive (O) — OR, এক বা একাধিক

উদাহরণ — Online Order

○ Start → [Cart] → [Checkout] → ◇ Stock?
                                   /     \
                              Yes /       \ No
                              [Pay] →[Done]◎  [Notify]◎

As-Is vs To-Be

• As-Is — current process
• To-Be — proposed improved
• Gap Analysis — পার্থক্য

DFD (Data Flow Diagram)

Level 0 (Context):
[User] → ⊙ Online Shop System ⊙ → [Bank]

Level 1: 1.0 Order → 2.0 Payment → 3.0 Shipping
                       ↓
                   [DB: Orders]

Value Stream Mapping

Step:        Receive | Approve | Code | Test | Deploy
Process T:   1h      | 8h      | 3d   | 2d   | 1h
Wait T:      2d      | 5d      | -    | 3d   | 1d

Lead Time = sum(process + wait)
PCE = Process Time / Lead Time

Tools

• Bizagi Modeler, Camunda
• Lucidchart, Draw.io
• Visio

Best Practices

• One start event per pool
• Verb + Object: "Approve Invoice"
• Lanes for roles, pools for orgs
• Happy path horizontal